论明清时期蒙师的作用及其地位-《集美大学学报（教育科学版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: On the role and position of Enlightenment Teachers in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Author(s):: LIU Wan; (Department of Education，East China Normal University，Shanghai 200062，China）

Keywords:: Enlightenment Teachers; Enlightenment Education; teachers’ Taoism; teacher status; primary and secondary school teachers

摘要:: 蒙师为儿童开蒙启蒙和日后学习打下基础，对移风易俗和地方文化做出贡献，继承和发扬了尊师重道传统。明清对蒙师作用的肯定，源于政府大力支持蒙学的发展，延师训蒙和读书识字成为明清时期的社会风气，化解科举事业带来的不公和蒙师传承师道尊严的矛盾。在这样的背景下，明清蒙师的整体收入水平要比一般的农民阶层、手工业者稍微高，且享有一定的社会声望与专业的教育权利。为了保证蒙师更好地发挥启蒙、奠基作用，蒙师选拔标准相对严格。明清对蒙师作用和地位的肯定，对于今天尊师重教风气的发扬和中小学教师地位的提高有参考价值。

Abstract:: Enlightenment teachers laid the foundation for children’s enlightenment and learning in the future，contributed to custom improvement and local culture，and inherited and carried forward the tradition of respecting teachers and valuing ethics.The affirmation of the role of Enlightenment Teachers stems from government’s strong support Enlightenment Education development，the social atmosphere of Ming and Qing Dynasties to extend teachers training and reading and literacy，and the contradiction between the injustice brought about by imperial examination and the dignity of Enlightenment Teachers inheriting teachers’ morality.In this context，the overall income level of Enlightenment Teachers is slightly higher than that of the general peasant class，handicrafts，and enjoy a certain social reputation and professional educational rights.In order to ensure that Enlightenment Teachers can fully play the role of enlightenment and foundation，the selection standards of Enlightenment Teachers are relatively strict.The affirmation of the role and status of Enlightenment Teachers in Ming and Qing Dynasties is of reference value for the development of the atmosphere of respecting teachers and teaching and for the improvement of the status of primary and secondary school teachers.