仁、义、真、法：先秦孝观念的多维诠释-《集美大学学报》（哲社版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: A Multi-dimensional Interpretation of Filial Piety in Pre-Qin Philosophy

Author(s):: LIN Xiaomei; （Institute of Philosophy,Fujian Academy of Social Sciences,Fuzhou 350025,China）

Keywords:: filial piety; filial piety of benevolence; filial piety of righteousness; filial piety of truthfulness; filial piety of law

摘要:: 以儒、墨、道、法家的核心思想为基础，先秦哲学中的“孝”分别呈现为“仁之孝”“义之孝”“真之孝”和“法之孝”4种诠释维度。基于不同的人性论假设，儒家以孔子“仁之孝”为开端，展开为孟子的“心性之孝”和荀子的“礼义之孝”。同时，孔子“仁之孝”也始终启发着各学派对“孝”的理解。墨家“义之孝”追求利天下人之亲，是对“泛爱众”的转化。道家“真之孝”主张回归人的自然本真状态，是对“仁之孝”的超越。法家“法之孝”致力于将“孝”法治化，是“混同忠、孝，以忠作孝”对“孝慈则忠”的重构。“孝”的多维诠释既彰显了儒、墨、道、法家不同的思维方式、道德选择和治道精神，也折射出“孝”在历史进程与文化变迁中的复杂演绎和生动实践。

Abstract:: Based on the core ideas of Confucianism,Mohism,Taoism and Legalism,the concept of filial piety in Pre-Qin philosophy is respectively interpreted in four dimensions:“filial piety of benevolence”,“filial piety of righteousness”,“filial piety of truthfulness” and “filial piety of law”.Under different assumptions of human nature,Confucianism begins with Confucius’ filial piety of benevolence,which then unfolds into Mencius’ filial piety of heart and nature,and Xunzi’s filial piety of ritual and righteousness.Meanwhile,Confucius’ filial piety of benevolence has always inspired the understanding of filial piety in other schools.The Mohist concept of filial piety of righteousness pursues to benefit the relatives of all people,which is a transformation of “universal love”.The filial piety of truthfulness advocated by Taoism,which calls for a return to the natural and true state of human beings,is a transcendence of benevolence.The filial piety of law of the Legalist school aimed to legalize filial piety,which was a reconfiguration of “filial piety as loyalty” from “filial piety and compassion lead to loyalty”.The multi-dimensional interpretation of filial piety not only highlights the different ways of thinking,moral choices and governance spirits of Confucianism,Mohism,Taoism and Legalism,but also reflects the complex evolution and vivid practice of filial piety in the historical process and cultural changes.