制造业“用工荒”的系统结构及杠杆解-《集美大学学报》（哲社版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: The System Structure of and a Leverage Solution to the Labor Shortage in Manufacturing

Author(s):: LING Hui-hua; (School of Business Administration, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China)

Keywords:: manufacturing; labor shortage; system structure; leverage solution

摘要:: 制造业“用工荒”愈演愈烈，制约着企业的发展。学术界对此进行了大量研究，虽然研究角度和方法较多，但是从因果互动关系链角度研究的很少。运用系统思考的原理与方法，把“用工荒”看作一个复杂的系统性问题，使用因果回路图分析该问题的关键影响因素及其之间的因果关系，政府部门对农民增收的扶持、对企业在雇佣和使用农民工方面缺乏社会责任的纵容以及对劳动力市场或中介发展不健全的监管缺位是三个重要影响因素，三者的综合作用是造成制造业“用工荒”的真正关键原因；应对“用工荒”，“抢人”是问题的症状解，户籍制度改革、城镇化是问题的根本解；政府部门进一步强化责任意识、提升管理水平是破解“用工荒”难题的具有杠杆效应的对策。

Abstract:: The increasingly severe labor shortage greatly constrains business development. The academia has put a lot of effort into this topic. Although researchers have used various methods to examine this problem from different angles, studies exploring the chain of cause and effect relationship of this shortage are scarce. This study examines labor shortage by applying the principles of systematic thinking. The shortage of labor consists of a complex system. Adopting the Casual Loop Diagram to analyze the key factors of the system and their relations, this study finds that the labor shortage is attributable to three key factors: government’s support for farmers to increase income, its tolerance of irresponsible use of labor from rural areas by businesses, and the lack of monitoring of labor markets or labor agencies. Together, these three factors cause the shortage of labor in manufacturing. A symptomatic solution to this problem is companies fighting for labor from rural areas. A fundamental solution to this problem is residence registration reform and urbanization. A leverage solution to this problem is that government agencies further strengthen their sense of responsibility and improve management skills.