基于“生态-生涯交叉”模型的女性教练职业发展困境与制度创新-《体育科学研究》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Female Coaches’ Career Development Dilemmas and Institutional Innovations:An Analysis Based on the Eco-Career Intersection Model

作者:: 卢从飞1; 戴慧莉2; 宁峰3; （1.福建师范大学体育科学学院，福建福州 350117；2.福建省体工队重竞技运动管理中心，福建福州 350100；3.集美大学体育学院，福建厦门 361021）

Author(s):: LU Congfei1; DAI Huili2; NING Feng3; （1.School of Physical Education and Sport Science,FuJian Normal University,Fuzhou,350117,China;2.Heavy Athletics Management Center,Fujian Sports Team,Fuzhou,350100,China;3.Physical Education Institute of Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China )

Keywords:: female coaches; career development; gender imbalance; ecological systems theory; identity intersectionality

摘要:: 尽管巴黎奥运会实现了参赛运动员的性别比例平等，但教练群体的性别失衡问题依然严峻，且女性教练仍面临榜样缺乏与职业路径不明等复杂挑战，限制了体育事业的多元化和可持续发展。系统检索国内外女性教练研究相关文献，通过国际研究视角的演进，探讨了女性教练面临的职业困境：社会文化中的男性霸权与刻板印象，组织内的性别壁垒与晋升障碍，人际沟通中的性别冲突以及个人层面的多重角色压力。针对女性教练的职业发展轨迹和身份交叉性，提出以下策略：（1）吸引阶段展示榜样、公众教育激发兴趣；（2）入门阶段强化专业培训、建立导师支持；（3）发展阶段推行家庭友好政策、提升个人与人际技能；（4）转型阶段构建分层退出与复职支持体系。

Abstract:: Despite achieving gender parity in athlete participation at the Paris Olympics,significant gender disparities remain in coaching,with female coaches still facing challenges such as a lack of role models and unclear career pathways,hindering the diversity and sustainability of the sports industry.A systematic review of international literature examines the professional challenges faced by female coaches:male hegemony and stereotypes in social culture,gender barriers and promotion obstacles in organizations,communication conflicts in interpersonal relations,and role overload on a personal level.Strategies proposed include:（1) Showcasing role models and public education in the recruitment phase;（2) Strengthening professional training and mentor support in the entry phase;（3) Promoting familyfriendly policies and interpersonal skill development during the growth phase;（4)The transition stage involves constructing a stratified system for career exit and reentry support.