海水虾池弧菌生态归趋特征与调控策略-《集美大学学报（自然科学版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Regulation Strategy on Vibrio Proliferation in Seawater Shrimp Pond According to Its Ecological Fate Characteristics

作者:: 席峰1; 宋娜杰2; 钟幼平1; 1.集美大学水产学院，农业农村部东海海水健康养殖重点实验室，福建厦门 361021；2.睿科集团（厦门）股份有限公司，福建厦门 361001

Author(s):: XI Feng1; SONG Najie2; ZHONG Youping1; 1.Fisherise College & Key Laboratory of Healthy Manculture for East China Sea of Ministry Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jimei University ,Xiamen 361021,China；2.Raykol Group Corp.Ltd.,Xiamen 361001,China

摘要:: 弧菌（Vibrio spp.）为水产养殖危害极大的常见优势致病菌，其生态调控势在必行。综合弧菌生态研究进展，分析硫代硫酸钠-柠檬酸盐-胆盐-蔗糖琼脂(TCBS)生态模型，发现弧菌生态归趋特征为嗜盐、嗜铁、较低碳氮比(5～10)、较低表面张力和中性至弱碱性环境与环境骤变。据此，虾池弧菌生态调控，在于缓解对虾环境应激，同时培育弧菌的营养竞争者，压缩病原弧菌生态位，塑造有利于对虾生长的生态环境。其调控策略包括：1）短效策略——通过添加小分子有机酸或能发酵为小分子有机酸的有机碳源，提高C/N，促进异养益生菌而抑制弧菌增殖；2）中效策略——构建有益微藻、异养益生菌、硝化细菌和光合细菌等共同主导的生物絮团微生态系统；3）长效策略——构建挺水性盐生植物、有益微藻、鞭毛虫和纤毛虫、异养益生菌、硝化细菌和光合细菌等共同主导的生态系统。在对虾发病情况下，虾池弧菌速效逆转策略为：先行速效无残留消毒，再行短效有机酸C/N调控，最后相继进行中、长效调控。

Abstract:: The pathogen Vibrio spp. predominates in aquaculture systems, causing significant losses annually. Effective control of Vibrio is crucial. Through a comprehensive analysis of the thiosulphate-citrate-bile salt sucrose (TCBS) microecological model for Vibrio, it is observed that Vibrio thrives in environments with high Na+ and Fe, low C/N (5~10), low surface tension, neutral to weakly alkaline pH, and sudden environmental stress. The ecological regulation strategy involves reducing environmental stress, fostering nutrition competitors to outcompete Vibrio, and creating a suitable ecological environment for shrimp development. Microecological control is implemented through three approaches: 1) Short-term control involves increasing the C/N by supplementing organic carbon sources that decompose into low-molecular-weight organic acids, promoting the proliferation of heterotrophic probiotic biofloc (BF)；2) Medium-term control focuses on structuring BF communities with beneficial microalgae, probiotics such as bacillus, lactobacillus, nitrifying bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria；3) Long-term control focuses on structuring the ecosystem with emerging halophytes, beneficial microalgae, flagellates, ciliates, and dominant probiotics. In the case of vibriosis, the control strategy includes a short-term, non-residue disinfection prior to C/N regulation, followed by medium and long-term regulation.