锂离子电池化成工艺的关键影响因素与优化策略分析-《集美大学学报（自然科学版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Key Influencing Factors and Optimization Strategy Analysis of Lithium-Ion Battery Formation Process

作者:: 吴启辉1; 黄晰2; 汪颖3; 蔡阳声3; 吴冠宏3; 李桂芳1; 陶明明1; 邓丁榕1; 曾叶1; 樊晓红1; （1.集美大学海洋装备与机械工程学院，福建厦门 361021；2.集美大学海洋文化与法律学院，福建厦门 361021;3.厦门新能安科技有限公司，福建厦门361000）

Author(s):: WU Qihui1; HUANG Xi2; WANG Ying3; CAI Yangsheng3; WU Guanhong3; LI Guifang1; TAO Mingming1; DENG Dingrong1; ZENG Ye1; FAN Xiaohong1; （1.College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;2.School of Marine Culture and Law,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China；3.Xiamen Ampace Technology Co.,Ltd,Xiamen 361000,China）

Keywords:: lithium-ion batteries; formation process; solid electrolyte interphase

摘要:: 锂离子电池（LIBs）的化成工艺是生产过程中决定其倍率性能、循环寿命及安全性的关键步骤。本文系统梳理了化成工艺的基本流程与核心参数（如充电策略、电流密度、电压窗口、温度、压力及电解液组成等），并深入探讨了固态电解质界面（SEI）膜和阴极电解质界面（CEI）膜的形成机制及其动态演化规律。重点分析了各关键因素（包括化成电流密度与充电策略、截止电压、温度与压力、电解液配方及其组分如锂盐、溶剂、添加剂等）对界面膜结构、成分及电池性能的影响机制。研究表明，优化化成参数（如采用低电流密度、适宜温度、特定电解液添加剂等）可有效调控SEI/CEI膜的均匀性、稳定性及无机成分含量，从而提升电池的综合性能。本文总结的化成工艺影响因素及其作用机制，可为LIBs化成工艺的优化设计提供理论依据和实践参考，并展望了未来结合计算电化学、先进表征与人工智能技术实现智能化工艺调控的发展方向。

Abstract:: The formation process of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a critical manufacturing step that determines the rate capability,cycle life,and safety.This paper systematically reviews the fundamental procedures and core parameters of the formation process (including charging protocols,current density,voltage window,temperature,pressure,and electrolyte composition),at the same time deeply investigating the formation mechanisms and dynamic evolution patterns of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI).Key influencing factors such as formation current density,charging protocols,cut-off voltage,temperature,pressure,and electrolyte formulation (lithium salts,solvents,additives)were analyzed for their impacts on interfacial film structure/composition and battery performance.Research demonstrates that optimized formation parameters (e.g.,low current density,moderate temperature,specific electrolyte additives) can effectively regulate the uniformity,stability,and inorganic component content of SEI/CEI films,thereby enhancing overall battery performance.The summarized influencing factors and mechanisms provide theoretical foundations and practical references for LIBs formation process optimization.Future development directions are also proposed,integrating computational electrochemistry,advanced characterization techniques,and artificial intelligence to achieve intelligent process control.