梅州地区客家传统民居装饰艺术的调查与研究-《集美大学学报》（哲社版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: Investigation and Research on the Decorative Art of Traditional Hakka Dwellings in Meizhou Area

Author(s):: WANG Zhen; (Art Department, Minjiang University，Fuzhou 350108, China)

摘要:: 为了深入认识梅州地区客家传统民居的装饰设计，以梅县、蕉岭和大埔作为田野点，采用田野考察法，对棣华居等11栋客家传统民居的整体装饰进行了收集、整理和分析，认为以围龙屋为主的该地客家传统民居装饰主要集中于屋顶、墙体、梁枋以及门饰等部位。其中，屋顶以脊饰为主，装饰素朴；墙体装饰形式、内容丰富，尤其是山墙、墀头、门壁以及墙裙部位；梁枋的装饰重点集中于柁墩、雀替、瓜柱、狮座以及“穿”等构件上，体现了“物”“人”合一的设计理念；门饰尤重外门和槅扇装饰，并形成了定式化的装饰格局。文章进一步认为：围龙屋的平面图式是客家人崇文重教观念的地域性体现，仿生象物的造型方式是客家民居装饰的一大创意特点，质朴简洁而又典雅壮丽是在潮汕工艺影响下形成的地域性装饰风格。

Abstract:: In order to thoroughly understand the Meizhou Hakka traditional residential decoration design, taking Meixian, Jiaoling and Dabu as the investigation field, the overall decoration of houses in eleven cases were collected and analyzed by the method of fieldwork. In this area, the decoration of Hakka traditional houses represented by the Rounddragon House is mainly concentrated in the roof, wall, beam frame, door trim and other parts. Among them, the roof decoration is simple. The decorative style and content of the wall are rich, especially in the gable wall, Chitou, door wall and wainscot parts. Beam frame’s decoration focuses on the wooden pier, decorated bracket, melon column, lion shaped pier and ‘chuan’ components, embodies the design concept of manandobject integration. The door decoration particularly emphasizes the outer door and partition board decoration, and forms a stylized decorative pattern. It is believed that the graphic scheme of the Rounddragon House is the regional embodiment of the Hakka people’s attention to the cultural and educational ideas. The imitation of the biological form is the important creative feature of the Hakka folk house decoration. Simplicity and elegance are the magnificent regional decorative style, which was formed under the influence of ChaoShan handicrafts.