梁启超：启蒙立场宣教与“文学革命”阐释-《集美大学学报》（哲社版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: On Liang Qichao’s Idea of Enlightenment Education and “Literature Revolution”

Author(s):: HAN Miao-miao; LING HU Zhao-Peng; (Chinese Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China)

Keywords:: Liang Qichao; enlightenment standpoint; literature revolution; aesthetics

摘要:: 梁启超的“文学革命”以启蒙宣教为核心。“诗界革命”主张“新意境”“新语句”，引进西方的启蒙思想，而“以古人风格入诗”，则以中国诗歌传统规约诗歌，限制了诗界革命的成就。梁启超取诗歌的广义内涵，在报刊上开辟诗歌专栏，语言通俗,注重散文化、通俗化，对白话诗的发展功不可没。“文界革命”以新文体进行思想启蒙，用情感饱满、充满魔力的文笔为中国介绍了西方先进的思想，弘扬民权、自由、国家主义精神，对于中国的现代化进程起到了导引作用，开辟了晚清政治的公共空间。“小说界革命”深受日本“政治小说”的影响，旨在将小说作为启蒙救国的工具，小说的审美性特征被悬置,推进了晚清小说的繁荣，提升了小说的思想价值。五四时期梁启超对早期启蒙宣教进行反思，以审美现代性批判启蒙现代性，抛弃进化论思想，强调文艺的审美价值，从而与五四新文化运动形成错位。

Abstract:: The enlightenment education is the centre of Liang Qichao’s “Literary Revolution”. “Poetry Revolution” advocated “new artistic conception”, “new statement”, and introduced the Western Enlightenment ideas. However, his advocacy “to put the ancient style into the poetry” restricted the poetry revolution. Liang adopted a broader connotation of poetry, set a poetry column in the newspaper, whose language was popular and prose-like, promoting the development of the Modern Vernacular Chinese. “Academia Revolution” took the new style as the means of enlightenment. Liang Qichao, whose articles are emotional and magic, introduced the advanced western thoughts to China, promoted the civil rights, freedom and national spirit, guided Chinese modernization in the late Qing Dynasty, and opened up the political public space. “Fiction Revolution”, deeply influenced by Japan’s “political novel”, aimed to take the novel as an enlightenment tool to save the nation，so aesthetic characteristic of the novel was suspended. “Fiction Revolution” brought about the prosperity of the novels in the late Qing Dynasty, and enhanced the novel value. During the May Fourth Movement, Liang reflected on his early enlightenment ideas, insisted on aesthetic modernity instead of enlightenment modernity, criticized evolution theory, emphasized the aesthetic value of literature and art, so in the end formed a malposition from the May 4th New Culture Movement.