质直好义：子贡之“达”的多重精神内涵-《集美大学学报》（哲社版）

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: YANG Shengli; (School of Marxism, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China)

摘要:: 子贡作为孔门十哲之一，为人温和谦虚，善于外交和货殖，通于情而达于理。孔子不仅认为子贡是“瑚琏之器”，而且对他的评价是“达”。通过对《论语》和其他文献中有关子贡的记载可以看出，子贡之“达”以“质直好义”为本，其精神面向可以概括为4个方面，即通达时局之变、通达言谈之巧、通达鬻财之机、通达师道之情。正是基于这样一个在道德学问、货殖鬻财、政治外交、尊师重道等方面从容务实而又全面发展之人，孔子才给出了“赐也达，于从政乎何有”的评价。

Abstract:: Zigong was one of the wisest students of Confucius. It was recorded that he was gentle and humble, and knew how to communicate and trade. Besides, he was a man of sense. Confucius regarded him as “a man for all seasons”, and “flexible” as his virtue. Based on Analects of Confucius and other related documents, the paper argues that Zigong’s flexibility is a reflection of his righteousness as a fundamental principle. His spiritual essences could be summarized into four aspects: ready to cope with any contingency, linguistically gifted and eloquent, good at trading, and excellent in teaching practice. With regard to Zigong’s achievements in morality and knowledge, business and trade, decrees and governance, and his honoring teachers and respecting rules, Confucius made the comments that “he (Zigong) not only has a good command of the basic rules that govern things, but also knows how to deal with exceptional situations or problems in a flexible manner. I don’t think it’s difficult for him to handle governance ”.