商标合理使用：对商标权限制的误读——以武夷山、湄洲岛为例-《集美大学学报》（哲社版）

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: ZHUANG Zhi -bo; (Law School, Renmin University, Beijing 100872, China)

摘要:: 商标合理使用这一概念从著作权法上发展而来，其合理性一直以来广受争议，司法实践认识也差异较大。我国商标法修正案增加的第59条被认为是对商标合理使用的立法承认。然而，从合理使用制度在著作权领域的起源开始，它在性质上就是一种对权利的例外约束，是对承载独创性和创新性智力成果符号的限制。反观商标合理使用理论，通过符号论视角从概念逻辑分析发现，简单的概念移植带来了逻辑上的混乱。第三人使用的并不是承载商誉和指代功能的符号，而仅仅是标志，其本身不在商标权范围之内，商标权限制无从谈起。因此有必要对标志使用与商标法的关系正本清源，以非知识产权使用重新定义。

Abstract:: The concept of “Trademark fair use” evolved from the Copyright Law. Its legitimacy has been highly controversial and it is has different interpretations in judicial practice. Rule 59 of the 3rd Amendment of Trademark Law of China is considered to be the legislative recognition of fair use of trademarks. However, since its practice, fair use is a constraint of the right by nature and it is a restriction of the symbol which bears intellectual originality and innovation. In contrast, when it comes to trademark fair use theory, we see the concept from semiotics perspective and find that the simple concept transplantation brings logical confusion. What the third person uses is not the symbol which bears capabilities of reference and goodwill, but only the mark, which is not within the scope of trademark rights, so trademark restrictions are out of the question. Thus it is necessary to make clear the relationship between the mark use and the trademark law and redefine it by non-use of intellectual property.