闽南方言“卜通”“不通”结构的语义演变-《集美大学学报》（哲社版）

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Title:: The Semantic Evolution of“卜通” and“不通”in Minan Dialect

作者:: 陈曼君; 卢罗兰; （集美大学海洋文化与法律学院，福建厦门 361021）

Author(s):: CHEN Man-jun; LU Luo-lan; (School of Marine Culture and Law,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China)

关键词:: 情态结构; 目的结构; 语义演变; 闽南方言

Keywords:: modal structure; purpose structure; semantic evolution; Minnan dialect

分类号:: -

DOI:: -

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 闽南方言“不通”的出现早于“卜通”。前者在嘉靖刊戏文里已经出现，后者始见于万历年间，随即消失，直至20世纪以后再度出现。其中的肯定词“卜”和否定词“不”不能简单地看作是分别对“通”所进行的肯定和否定。从历史和现实语料可以看出，“卜”和“通”最初的组合是出于语用的需要，而“不”与“通”最初的组合则是出于表义的需要。这时，它们都是松散的结构。之后，“卜通”和“不通”结构沿着各自的轨道不断地进行着语义上的演化，并随着情态义的交替而凝固成词。“卜通”的语义演变是单轨道进行的，多数是现代发展起来的。“不通”的语义演变是多轨道进行的，除了其道义情态由强趋弱的演变是直到现代才实现的以外，其另外两条演变路径早在明清戏文里已经实现了，且其中的两个情态义因与“无通”存在竞争最终为“无通”所取代。“卜通”“不通”结构的语义演变除了具有人类语言情态义演变的共性外，也有自己的发展个性。“不通”有着人类许多语言反向的语义演变路径，体现了汉语的类型学特征；“卜通”实现了目的标记向情态义的演化，使闽南方言发生了“情态义目的标记”双向语义演变，为世界语言树立一个新的类型，展示了其独特的理论价值。

Abstract:: “不通”(butong) appeared earlier than “卜通”(butong).The former appeared in Jiajing’s opera articles,while the latter first appeared in the Wanli period and then disappeared until the 20th century.The affirmative word “卜” and the negative word “不” cannot be simply regarded as affirmation and negation of “通” respectively.From the historical and realistic corpus,it can be seen that the original combination of “卜” and “通”was based on pragmatic needs,while that of “不” and “通” on the semantic need.They were both loose structures during that time.Afterwards,the “卜通” and “不通” structures continued to evolve semantically along their respective tracks,and solidified into words with the alternation of modal meaning.The semantic evolution of “卜通”was carried out on a single track,most of which was developed in modern times.The semantic evolution of “不通”took place in multiple tracks.Except for the evolution of its deontic modality from strong to weak,which was not realized until modern times,the other two evolution paths were realized as early as in the Ming and Qing operas,and two modal meanings of them competed with and were eventually replaced by “无通”(wutong) in modern times.The semantic evolution of “卜通” and “不通” structures shares the common characteristics of the modal meaning evolution of human languages,but also “不通” has the reverse semantic evolution path of many human languages,which embodies the typological characteristics of the Chinese language.“卜通” realized the evolution of the purpose mark to the modal meaning,and caused the twoway semantic evolution of “modal meaning purpose mark” in Minnan dialect,which t establishes a new type of world language,and thus demonstrates its unique theoretical value.

《集美大学学报》（哲社版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

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