美国纽约市教育惩戒机制与保障体系研究-《集美大学学报（教育科学版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: New York City’s Educational Punishment Mechanism and Its Security System

Author(s):: WANG Fei; (Department of Education,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014，China)

Keywords:: New York City; violation of discipline; educational punishment mechanism

摘要:: 纽约市将教育惩戒作为创建安全学习环境的重要举措，构建了阶梯式的教育惩戒机制，以及保障惩戒机制有效落实的全方位保障体系。教育局将学生的违纪行为按照严重程度划分为五个级别，并列举了每个级别下学生的具体违纪行为，同时制定了每个级别及每种违纪行为所对应的惩戒措施，为教师教育惩戒提供了清晰、明确、可操作化的法理依据；配合教育惩戒的落实，还建构了全程、全员、全面的支持措施，以及完善的监督机构和申诉程序。当前我国教育惩戒仍存在着规则有待细化，与惩戒相配套的保护和监督机制不够健全等问题，可以积极借鉴纽约市教育惩戒的典型经验和做法，通过细化违纪行为及其对应惩戒措施，构建校内外联动的多元支持体系以及建立透明的监督与申诉渠道，不断完善我国的教育惩戒体系。

Abstract:: The New York City regards education punishment as a significant measure to create a safe-learning environment.Hence,they have constructed a stepped education punishment mechanism and a comprehensive guarantee system to ensure the effective implementation of the disciplinary mechanism.The Education Bureau divides students’ violation of discipline into five levels according to the severity,listing the specific practice of the violation of discipline under each level and formulating the corresponding disciplinary measures for each level,which provides a clear and operable legal basis for teacher to conduct education punishment.With the implementation of educational punishment,they also set up comprehensive support measures with all the staff in the whole process and sound supervision institutions with reasonable appeal procedures.Currently,there are still some problems in China’s educational punishment system including the need-to-be-refined rules,the unsound corresponding protection and supervision mechanism.It is imperative of us to learn from the typical practice and experience of New York City’s educational punishment system and refine China’s disciplinary conduct and its corresponding disciplinary measures.And it is of great significance to build a support system with multiple fronts including both in and off campus support and establish a transparent supervision and appeal channel，constantly improving our educational punishment system.