四端之纯善与七情之无有不善——李退溪四端七情论中的“两情二善”-《集美大学学报》（哲社版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: “Pure Good” of Four Beginnings and “Never Not Good” of Seven Feelings——Two Feelings and Two Virtues in Toegye’s Four-seven Debate

Author(s):: LI Zhi-yi1; 2; (1. Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Confucian Civilization, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China)

摘要:: 分析了退溪在四端七情分理气说中主张的“四端纯善”“七情无有不善”，并探讨了这两种情和两个善是否具有妥当性。第一，四端超越个体的层面，完全与天理一致，因而可以称为“纯善”。纯善之四端如果受到气质作用的影响也会出现错误，但并不直接成为“恶”，而仅成为“不善”。第二，七情作为个体层面的感情，虽与纯善之四端不同，但中节时可视为“善”的感情。但又因为七情是个体层面的感情，所以当不能达到中节，出现过或不及时，便不能止于善，而发展成为“恶”。

Abstract:: This paper analyzes Toegye’s propositions “Four beginnings is the pure good” and “Seven feelings is never not good”, and discusses the validity of the argument that there exist two different kinds of feelings and virtues. His argument reveals the following meanings. Firstly, “four beginnings” is referred to as “pure good” because it completely agrees with the providence of Heaven. Susceptible to the influence of organic factors, it does not directly result in “evil” but becomes “incomplete pure good”. Secondly, “seven feelings” is good enough but a different feeling from “four beginnings”. However, if “seven feelings”, as an individual feeling, is not ceased and there is excessiveness, it becomes not only “a scarcity of good”, but it also turns to be an “evil”.